Psychiatric Sequelae of Manganese Exposure in the Adult,Foetal and Neonatal Nervous Systems

Abstract

It is important for psychiatrists to recognise that vulnerability to the trace element manganese is different in the adult, foetal and neonatal nervous systems, and that different syndromes may result from exposure.

References

Couper

On the effects of black oxide of manganese when inhaled into the lungs. Br Ann Med Pharm 1837;1:41.

Jaksch

R. V.

Cited in Prager Med Wochenschr 1902;18:213.

Casamajor

An unusual form of mineral poisoning affecting the nervous system: manganese?

JAMA 1913;60:646.

Edsall

D. L.

Wilbur

F. P.

Drinker

C. K.

The occurrence, course and prevention of chronic manganese poisoning. J Ind Hyg Toxicol (1919); 1:183.

Whitlock

C. M.

Amuso

S. J.

Bittenbender

J. B.

Chronic neurological disease in two manganese steel workers. Am Indust Hygiene Assoc J 1966;27: 454–459.

Jimenez

J. A.

Uiberall

Escudero

Manganese poisoning in Chile: a study of 64 cases. Abstract in J Ind Hyg Toxicol, 1947;29:70.

Penalver

Manganese poisoning: The 1954 Ramazzini oration. Ind Med Surg 1955;24: 1–7.

Rodier

Manganese poisoning in Morroccan miners. Brit J Indust Med 1955;12: 21–35.

el Naby

Abd S.

Hassanein

Neuropsychiatric manifestations of chronic manganese poisoning. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1965;28: 282–288.

10.

Rawal

M. L.

Manganese poisoning in manganese mines in India. Indian J Ind Med 1968;14:2.

11.

Hunter

The Diseases of Occupations. 4th ed. Boston, Little, Brown. 1969.

12.

Cotzias

G. C.

Papavasiliou

P. S.

Gellene

Modification of Parkinsonism: chronic treatment with L-Dopa. New Engl J Med 1969;280: 337–345.

13.

Kiloh

L. G.

Lethlean

A. K.

Morgan

An endemic neurological disorder in tribal Australian Aborigines. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 1980;43:8, 661–668.

14.

Cawte

Emic accounts of a mystery illness: the Groote Eylandt Syndromes. Aust & NZ J Psychiat 1984;18: 179–187.

15.

Men

A. I.

Manganese. Chapter 6 in: Disorders of Mineral Metabolism Vol I New York, Academic Press, 1981.

16.

Chandra

S. V.

Neurological consequence of manganese. Chapter 6 in: Dreosti, 1. Neurobiology of The Trace Elements. In press, 1984.

17.

Bencko

Cikrt

Manganese: a review of occupational and environmental toxicology. J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol 1984;28:2, 139–148.

18.

Donaldson

(Ed.) Neurotoxicology: Manganese Special Issue. Spring, 1984.

19.

Dick

A. T.

Studies on the assimilation and storage of copper in cross-bred sheep. Aust J Agric Res 1954;5: 511–516.

20.

Mohamed Ali

Murthy

R. C.

Saxena

D. K.

Effect of low-protein diet on manganese neurotoxicity, I Development and biochemical changes, II Brain GABA and seizure susceptibility. Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology. 1983;5: 385–389.

21.

Underwood

E. J.

Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nutrition. New York, Academic Press, 1977.

22.

Dreosti

Smith

R. M.

(Eds.) Neurobiology of the Trace Elements Vol 1. Trace Element Neurobiology and Deficiencies Vol 2. Neurotoxicology and Neuropharmacology. Clifton, New Jersey, Humana Press Inc. 1983.

23.

Tolonen

Industrial toxicology of manganese. Work and Environ Health 1972;9: 53–60.

24.

Kawamura

Ikula

Fukuzumi

Intoxication by manganese in well water. Kitasato Arch Exp 1941;18: 145–169.

25.

Tennant

Personal communication to author from general manager of the Groote Eylandt Manganese Company 1984.

26.

Banta

Markesbery

W. R.

Elevated manganese levels associated with dementia and extrapyramidal signs. Neurology 1977;27: 213–216.

27.

Hahon

Booth

J. A.

Effect of chromium and manganese particles on the interferon system. J Interferon Research 1984;4:1, 17–67.

28.

Cotzias

G. C.

In: Mineral Metabolism. Ed. by Comar

C. L.

Bronner

, Vol. 2. New York, Academic Press 1962; pp. 403–442.

29.

Daniels

A. J.

Johnson

L. N.

Williams

R. J. P.

Uptake of manganese by chromaffin granules in vitro: a model for amine transport. J Neurochem 1979;33: 923–929.

30.

O'Dell

B. L.

Campbell

B. J.

Trace elements: metabolism and metabolic function. Compr Biochem 1971;21: 179–226.

31.

Tang

In: Neurotoxicology: Manganese Special Issue. Ed. by Donaldson

1984.

32.

Cotzias

G. C.

Miller

S. T.

Papavasiliou

P. S.

Interaction between manganese and brain dopamine. Med Clin North Am 1976;60: 729–737.

33.

Barbeau

Dopamine and basal ganglia diseases. Arch Neurol 1961;4: 197–202.

34.

Barbeau

The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease: a new hypothesis. Can Med Ass J 1962;87: 802–807.

35.

Birkmayer

Hornykiewicz

Der L 3–4 dioxyphenylalanine (DOPA) effect bei der Parkinson-akinese. Wien Klin Wschr 1961;45: 878–888.

36.

Carlsson

Lindquist

Magnusson

Dihydroxyphenylalanine and 5- Hydroxytryptophan as reserpine antagonists. Nature 1957;180: 1200–1201.

37.

Barbeau

Dopamine and dopamine metabolites in Parkinson's disease — a review. Proc Austral Ass Neurol 1968;5: 95–100.

38.

Chandra

S. V.

Shukla

G. S.

Saxena

D. K.

Manganese-induced behavioral dysfunction and its neurochemical mechanism in growing mice. J Neurochemistry 1979;33: 1217–1221.

39.

Chandra

S. V.

Shukla

G. S.

Effect of manganese on synthesis of brain catecholamines in growing rats. Acta Pharmacol et Toxicol 1980;48: 349–354.

40.

Chandra

S. V.

Shukla

G. S.

Concentrations of striatal catecholamines in rats given manganese chloride through drinking water. J Neurochem 1981;36: 693–697.

41.

Donaldson

Cloutier

Minnich

J. L.

Trace metals and biogenic amines in rat brain. Advances in Neurology 1974;5: 245–252.

42.

Donaldson

Labella

F. S.

Gesser

Enhanced auto-oxidation of dopamine as a possible basis of manganese neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology 1981;2: 53–64.

43.

Jarvinen

Ahlstrom

Effect of the dietary manganese level on tissue manganese, iron, copper and zinc concentrations in female rats and their fetuses. Medical Biology 1975;53: 93–99.

44.

Kirchgessnes

Schwartz

F. J.

Roth-Maier

Dora A.

Changes in the metabolism (retention, absorption, excretion) of copper, zinc, and manganese in gravidity and lactation. In: Trace Element Metabolism in Man and Animals Howell

J. McC

Gawthorne

J. M.

(Eds.), Canberra, Australian Academy of Science 1981.

45.

Kirchgessner

Weigand

Schwartz

F. J.

Absorption of zinc and manganese in relation to age. In: Trace Element Metabolism in Man and Animals. Howell

J. McC

Gawthorne

J. M.

(Eds.). Canberra, Australian Academy of Science 1981.

46.

Hurley

L. S.

Keen

C. L.

Lonnerdal

Trace elements, genetic factors, and drugs in developmental abnormalities. In: Trace Element Metabolism in Man and Animals, Howell

J. McC

Gawthorne

J. M.

(Eds.). Canberra, Australian Academy of Science 1981.

47.

Dreosti

I. E.

Manuel

S. J.

Buckley

R. A.

Superoxide dismutase manganese and the effect of ethanol in adult and foetal rats. Br J Nutr 1982;48: 205–210.

48.

Barak

A. J.

Beckenhauser

H. C.

Kerrigan

F. J.

Zinc and manganese levels in serum and liver after alcohol feeding and development of fatty cirrhosis in rats. Gut 1967;8: 454–457.

49.

Lassiter

J. W.

Miller

W. J.

Manganese metabolism and homeostasis in calves and rats. In: Trace Element Metabolism in Animals Vol 2. Hoekstra Baltimore, University Park Press 1974.

50.

Mena

In: Metals in the Environment. Ed. by Waldron

H. A.

New York, Academic Press 1980. pp. 199–220.

51.

Recommended Dietary Allowances. 9th Revised Edition, Washington, National Academy of Sciences 1980.

52.

Barlow

P. J.

Kapel

Hair metal analysis and its significance to certain disease conditions. 2nd Annual Trace Minerals Health Seminar. Boston 1979.

53.

Pihl

R. O.

Parker

Hair element content in learning disabled children. Science 1977;198: 204–206.

54.

Collipp

P. J.

Chen

S. Y.

Maitinsky

Manganese in infant formulas and learning disabilities. Ann Nutr Metab 1983;27: 488–494.

55.

Shaywitz

B. A.

Cohen

D. J.

Bowers

M. B.

CSF monoamine metabolities in children with minimal brain dysfunction: evidence for alteration of brain dopamine. J Pediat 1977;90: 67–71.

56.

Reimbert

F. W.

Wood

D. R.

Wender

P. H.

An open clinical trial of L-dopa and Carbidopa in adults with minimal brain dysfunction. Am J Psychiat 1980. 137:73–75.

57.

Franklin

Personal communication from office of Student Services, Nhulunbuy, North East Arnhem Region. Northern Territory of Australia 1985.

58.

Mena

Horiuchi

Burke

Chronic manganese poisoning. Individual susceptibility and absorption of iron. Neurology 1969; 1000–1006.

59.

Mena

The role of manganese in human disease. Ann Clin Lab Sci 1974;4: 487–491.

60.

Cawte

Cruel, Poor and Brutal Nations. Honolulu, University Press of Hawaii 1972.

61.

Cotzias

G. C.

Borg

D. C.

Phenothiazines and manganese. In: Ultrastructure and Metabolism of the Nervous System 1962; A.R.N.M.D. Vol. XL, pp. 337–357.

62.

Cotzias

G. C.

Papavasiliou

P. S.

Mena

Manganese and catecholamines. In: Advances in Neurology. Ed. by McDowell

F. H.

Barbcau

1974;5:235–243.

63.

Cotzias

G. C.

Papavasiliou

P. S.

Miller

S. T.

Manganese in Melanin. Nature 1964;201: 1228–1229.