Until the first contact with European civilization in 1543, prostheses and orthoses were not seen in Japanese medical history. Some physicians and surgeons who studied medicine in the Dutch language understood about prostheses and orthoses before the opening of the country in 1868.
From 1868 to the end of World War II (1945), prostheses and orthoses were influenced by German orthopaedic surgery. From the latter half of the 1960s the research and development of these have been advanced, because of the establishment of a domestic rehabilitation system, international cultural exchange and economic development.
References
1.
GochtH. Künstliche Glieder. F Enke, Stuttgart1869–1938; 1907
HobsonB. Brief notes on Western medicine. Jen clin i Kuan, Shanghai1857
4.
KanbaraH. Introduction of European prostheses and orthoses. Pre-history of the Japanese orthopedic surgery, KanbaraH.. Orient Press, Osaka1984; 442–446, (Japanese)
5.
PareA. De chirurgie, ende opera van alle de wercken van Mr. Ambrosius Paré, BatenC.. J. J. Schipper, Amsterdam1649; 15107–1590, 1649.
