Polymorphonuclear leukocyte membrane fluidity and cytosolic Ca 2+ content in young adults with acute myocardial infarction. Evaluation at the initial stage and after 12 months

Our aim was to examine two aspects of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) rheology (membrane fluidity and cytosolic Ca²⁺ content), at baseline and after in vitro activation, in a group of young adults with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) at the initial stage and after 12 months. We enrolled 21 AMI subjects aged ≤45 years (mean age 41.1±3.5 years) and evaluated PMN membrane fluidity, labelling intact PMN cells with the fluorescent probe 1,4‐(trimethylamino)‐phenyl‐4‐phenylhexatriene and the PMN cytosolic Ca²⁺ content marking PMN cells with the fluorescent probe Fura 2‐AM, at baseline and after in vitro activation with 4‐phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) and N‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (fMLP). During the initial stage PMN membrane fluidity and cytosolic Ca²⁺ content did not distinguish AMI patients from control subjects; after 12 months, when compared with the initial stage, PMN cytosolic Ca²⁺ content was significantly increased. In vitro PMN activation with PMA and fMLP caused no variation of the two PMN parameters in control subjects, while in AMI patients membrane fluidity decreased and cytosolic Ca²⁺ content increased; the same behaviour pattern was observed after 12 months. The constant functional alteration of PMN cells in young AMI patients highlights the role of activated leukocytes as a component of the inflammatory reaction that follows ischemia.