Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HI-BI) is a common cause of neurological morbidity in children and adults. Recent developments in neuroimaging techniques may permit in vivo identification of the structural and functional anatomy of HI-BI, and offer opportunities for the development of neuroimaging-guided prognosis. This article provides an update on the types and possible roles of currently-available neuroimaging techniques. The applications and limitations of these techniques to the study and clinical evaluation of persons with HI-BI are discussed, and the need of further research is highlighted.