Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society

The objective of this systematic review was to assess the available evidence to evaluate the effectiveness of en-masse retraction design with mini-screw with respect to the retraction hook and mini-implant position and height.

The following electronic databases were searched till July 31, 2020: Pro-Quest Dissertation Abstracts and Thesis database Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, Google Scholar, US National Library of Medicine, and National Research Register. En-masse retractions with anterior retraction hooks assisted by mini-implant three-dimensional finite element method (3D FEM) models were included in the study. The selected studies were assessed for the risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. The “traffic plot” and “weighted plot” risk of bias distribution were designed using the ROBVIS tool. The authors extracted and analyzed the data.

Twelve studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The risks of biases were low for 9 studies and high for 3 studies. Data on mini-implant, retraction hook, and the center of resistance/force vectors were extracted. The outcomes of the included studies were heterogeneous.

According to the currently available literature review for successful bodily en-masse tooth movement, the force vector should pass through the center of resistance, which can be achieved by the clinical judgment of placing a mini-screw and an anterior retraction hook. The force from an implant placed at a higher level from the anterior retraction hook will cause intrusion; an implant placed at the medium level shows bodily movement; and an implant placed at a lower level shows tipping forces in consolidated arches.

To evaluate the effect of primer and its curing techniques on shear bond strength of orthodontic metal brackets and cleaning procedures during debonding of orthodontic adhesive when used with metal brackets.

A total of 100 freshly extracted human maxillary premolar teeth were cleaned to remove blood and tissue debris and stored in distilled water solution until the time of bonding procedures. The samples were divided into 4 groups in which the teeth were then mounted on self-cured, color-coded acrylic blocks such that the roots were completely embedded into the acrylic block up to cement-enamel junction, and the buccal surface of the crown is perpendicular to the base of the block. In group I, brackets were bonded in a conventional manner with the primer cured before placement of the filled adhesive material. In group II, primer was not pre-cured. In group III, primer was not at all applied. All these 3 groups were bonded with Transbond XT (3M Unitek). Group IV was bonded with no primer adhesive, Heliosit (Ivoclar). After bonding, all the samples were tested for shear bond strength with Instron testing machine in shear or peel mode at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The debonded surfaces were examined for Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) scores under stereomicroscope at 10x magnification. The obtained values were statistically analyzed. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was applied to determine whether significant differences in debonded values existed among the groups. The chi-square test was used to determine significant differences in ARI scores among the different groups.

Statistically significant difference (P value < .001) was observed when group I was compared with groups II–IV. No statistically significant difference (P value = .559) was observed when group II was compared with group III. No statistical significance was seen (P value = .521) when group II was compared with group IV. Statistically significant difference (P value = .042) when group III was compared with group IV. Post hoc test was performed for multiple comparisons of ARI scores between all groups. Chi-square test revealed that the differences in percentage distribution of ARI scores between various groups were statistically significant (P value < .001).

There was a significant difference in the shear bond strength of brackets bonded with Transbond XT and other groups in our study. Even though the average bond strength value of Transbond XT without primer was lower than that of Transbond XT bonded with conventional procedure, it had a low ARI score and eliminated the use of primer. The bond strength values were also considerably greater than the ideal bond strength values required for orthodontic bonding. Hence, the use of Transbond XT without primer made the bonding, debonding and cleaning procedure easy and less time consuming. It also reduced the risk of contact dermatosis in orthodontic personnel and type IV delayed hypersensitivity in patients as the primer was eliminated.

Mandibular prognathism (MP) is known to be an inherited trait. Secondary condylar cartilage is the postnatal growth site of the mandible. Chromosome location 1p36 contains MATRILIN-1, which is related to cartilage matrix formation. The aim of this article is to find out relation between mutation in gene encoding MATRILIN-1 at 1p36 and MP.

This case control study included 35 skeletal class III patients with MP (18 males and 17 females in the age range from 6 years to 63 years; mean age was 21.74 ± 12.87 years) and 30 control individuals with orthognathic skeletal relation (17 males, 13 females in the age range from 19 years to 25 years, mean age of 21.57 ± 2.59 years) without any family history of MP. DNA was extracted from venous blood and genotyped. Two loci on chromosome 1p36 (rs20566 and rs1065755) encoding MATRILIN-1 were studied for mutation.

Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at rs20566 and frameshift mutation at rs1065755 had a significantly greater frequency in MP cases than in control.

Mutation at both the sites can be attributed to increased risk of developing MP.

To evaluate the demineralization resistance and the shear bond strength of enamel surfaces after erbium, chromium: yttrium–scandium–gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser etching (2 W/15 Hz, 2 W/25 Hz) and to compare them with conventional acid etching for orthodontic bonding.

A total of 60 extracted human premolars with intact enamel surface were used for this study. Demineralization Resistance was estimated using ion-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). Shear bond strength was evaluated using Universal Testing Machine—Instron.

Statistically significant difference (P < .001) was found in the concentration of dissolved calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P), with the highest mean Ca and P in the acid-etched group, followed by 2 W/15 Hz laser-etched group and least with 2 W/25 Hz laser-etched group. Maximum bond strength was found in the acid-etched group (12.06 MPa), followed by the 2 W/25 Hz laser-etched group (9.01 MPa) and 2 W/15 Hz laser-etched group (8.39 MPa). The differences were statistically significant.

Laser conditioning of enamel surface revealed significant demineralization resistance with a minimal dissolution of Ca and P ions in the demineralizing solution. Moreover, optimum bond strength was obtained similar to that of acid etching; hence, Er,Cr:YSGG laser conditioning of enamel surface is preferred over the conventional phosphoric acid etching for orthodontic bonding.

Inappropriate authorship is a threat to the integrity of scientific publication. Although many journals have authorship guidelines, there may be a gap between knowledge of authorship criteria and practice. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the knowledge, attitude, and practice of authorship guidelines among medical and dental professionals.

A web-based cross-sectional study was carried out using Google Survey after obtaining approval from our University Ethics Committee. The knowledge, attitude, and practice of dental and medical faculty towards authorship were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. The corresponding authors of original articles published in 4 medical and 4 dental journals from 2014 to 2016 were sent an e-mail with a link to an electronic survey containing a questionnaire. Voluntariness, privacy, and confidentiality were ensured and mentioned in the participation information sheet (PIS). Submission of the survey was construed as informed consent. A total of 541 corresponding authors (medical [n = 275], and dental [n = 269]) were invited to the study, and 207 responded to the survey (medical [n = 104] and dental [n = 103]). Incomplete responses were eliminated (n = 5). The remaining responses (total [n = 202]; medical [n = 100], and dental [n = 102]) were analyzed.

The mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice of the participants regarding authorship were 6.9 ± 2.02 (scale of 11), 29.13 ± 3.66 (scale of 45) and 6.70 ± 0.08 (scale of 10), respectively. The knowledge of authorship guidelines among medical professionals was significantly higher than that among dental professionals. No statistically significant difference was observed in attitude and practice scores (P > .05). There was a weak correlation between knowledge with attitude, and practice. There was a weak correlation between the age, gender, number of publications, and different levels of hierarchy with knowledge, attitude, and practice.

• Participants had moderate knowledge of, attitude towards, and practice of authorship guidelines.

• Researchers should undergo adequate training on authorship guidelines before initiation of a project.

This study was conducted to assess the effect of light-curable fluoride varnish on enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets using polarized light microscopy and to compare the depth of demineralization at different time periods.

In 15 patients, the first premolars were allocated into 2 groups. In the experimental group light-curable fluoride varnish was applied. At the end of each time period (60, 90, and 120 days), first premolar brackets were debonded and premolars were extracted. Buccolingual sections were evaluated under a polarized light microscope and depth of demineralization was assessed.

The depth of demineralization in the control group increased from 60 to 120 days, and the experimental group did not show any significant difference during the time period.

Single application of light-curable fluoride varnish, Clinpro XT can be effective in reducing enamel demineralization during fixed orthodontic mechanotherapy, especially in noncompliant patients.

The aim of this article is to evaluate coated orthodontic aligning archwires for surface characteristics, coating stability, and associated dynamic frictional resistance and to compare and relate these results to each other. Materials and Methods: The archwire investigated were (1) group 1: American orthodontics (0.016 NiTi) (AO); (2) group 2: G and H Wire Company, USA (0.016) (G and H); (3) group 3: Orthosystems (0.016) (OS); and (4) group 4: Forestadent, Bio Cosmetic (0.017) (BC) Surface roughness (ESEM), coating stability, and frictional resistance were tested. Analysis of variance and Bonferroni test were used for analysis.

Frictional resistance from low to high—BC, AO, OS, G, and H. Coating stability from low to high—BC, AO, G and H, and OS. Surface characteristics from low to high—BC, OS, AO, G, and H.

The study showed that BC has least friction coefficient, best coating stability, and less surface irregularities. Surface characteristics, friction coefficient, and coating stability may have correlation but are not statistically significant because of multifactorial conditions in the oral environment.

Management of impacted maxillary canines is considered to be complex and challenging task by orthodontists due to the varied biomechanical considerations involved.

This article describes an effective and efficient treatment modality for de-impaction of bilaterally impacted labial and palatal canines.

A female patient aged 13 years and 5 months presented with the following complaints: absence of tooth numbers 13 and 23, crowding in the upper and lower anterior dental units, and over-retained tooth numbers 53 and 63 with a non-consonant smile arc.

Arch development was done to create space for tooth numbers 13 and 23, as well as to relieve crowding. The impacted canines were surgically exposed, and guided traction was employed to place them in their ideal position. A class I canine and premolar relation was established. The smile aesthetics were also improved. The result remained stable 12 months after the end of treatment. The improvement can be quantified by the reduction in scores of orthodontic indices measured pretreatment and posttreatment.

Modifications in continuous arch mechanics can be reliably used in the management of impacted canines and arch development.