In this study, a variety of additives have been evaluated as potential fire retardants for polyureas with cone calorimetry being the method of evaluation. The additives that have been evaluated include minerals (alumina trihydrate), bromine-, nitrogen-, and phosphorus-based fire retardants. The major criteria for evaluation are the reductions in the peak heat release rate and the total heat released, the evolution of smoke and dripping.
Gilman, J.W. , Kashiwagi, T. , Nyden, M. , Brown, J.E.T. , Jackson, C.L. , Lomakin, S. , Gianellis, E.P. and Manias, E. (1998). Flammability Studies of Polymer Layered Silicate Nanocomposites: Polyolefin, Epoxy, and Vinyl Ester Resins. In: Al-Malaika, S. , Golovoy, A. and Wilkie, C.A. (eds), Chemistry and Technology of Polymer Additives, pp. 249–265, Blackwell Scientific: London .
3.
Benrashid, R. , Nelson, G.L. , Linn, J.H. , Hanley, K.H. and Wade, W.R. (1993). Surface Characterization of Segmented Siloxane-urethane Block Copolymers , J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 49: 523–537 .
4.
Benrashid, R. and Nelson, G.L. (1994). Synthesis of New Siloxane Urethane Block Copolymers and their Properties , J. Polym. Sci: Part A: Polym. Chem., 32: 1847–1865 .
5.
Kozakiewicz, J. , Cholonska, M. , Skarzynski, M. , Iwanska, S. and Czlonkowska-Kohutnicka, Z. (Oct. 1994). Synthesis and Characterization of Siloxane–Urethane Prepolymers , In: 35th Anu. Polyurethane Technical/ Marketing Conference, Oct. 1994, pp. 101–108 .
6.
Jayakody, C. , Nelson, G.L. , Sorathia, U. and Lewandowski, S. (1998). A Cone Calorimetric Study of Flame Retardant Elastomeric Polyurethanes Modified with Siloxanes and Commercial Flame Retardant Additives , J. Fire Sci., 16: 351–383 .
7.
Nelson, G.L. , Najafi-Mohajeri, N. and Jayakody, C. (Oct. 1999). Flame Retardant Polyurethanes: A Continuing Story , In: Proceedings of 1999 FRCA Fall Conference, Oct. 1999.
8.
Jayakody, C. , Myers, D. , Sorathia, U. and Nelson, G.L. (2000). Fire-retardant Characteristics of Water-blown Molded Flexible Polyurethane Foam Materials , J. Fire Sci., 18: 430–455 .