Emotion Review

This article examines Kant's treatment of nostalgia through two analytical categories: explicit reflections, in which Kant directly addresses and analyzes the term das Heimweh; and implicit reflections, which involve three concepts closely connected to his descriptions and definitions but not systematically examined within the explicit framework—memory, longing, and imagination. The paper concludes by engaging with Edward Casey's proposed solution to the question of which type of imagination (productive or reproductive) Kant employs in his definition of nostalgia, while introducing a novel interpretation of this theoretical issue.

Emotions in scientific research are typically portrayed as short-lived responses or dispositions to manifest such responses. Some philosophers have argued that this fails to capture long-term emotions (e.g., love, hate, and grief). This article examines whether the emerging field of affect dynamics (or emotion dynamics), which studies how emotions fluctuate over time, can address the philosophical critique. I argue that there are still aspects of long-term emotion (i.e., their temporal components and temporal dynamics) missing from affect dynamics. I end by proposing a few positive steps psychologists working in affect dynamics can take to mitigate these shortcomings.

Despite advances in understanding emotion regulation (ER) flexibility (e.g., flexibly using ER strategies to meet situational demands), there is heterogeneity in conceptualizations. To address this, we provide a unifying operationalization for ER flexibility and a person-specific ER flexibility framework. We define ER flexibility as the ability to continuously monitor the effectiveness of chosen ER strategies to meet one's goals for a situation and to adjust strategies, as needed, in response to changes in internal states (e.g., affect, beliefs about emotions) and external contextual demands (e.g., regulatory goals, situational factors/demands). This paper discusses existing ER flexibility frameworks, their empirical research, and potential limitations. We then present our person-specific ER flexibility framework. We highlight methodological applications, future research directions, and limitations.

A central tenet in emotion research is that emotional reactivity involves convergent changes across subjective, behavioral, autonomic, and more recently neural, response systems. This has led to a model where convergence across multiple response systems facilitates an individual's emotional responses to environmental stressors. However, empirical support for this model is mixed and limited work examines whether psychobiological convergence during emotional reactions unfolds differently among children at risk for psychopathology. In this paper, we review data examining whether atypical alignment between autonomic and subjective components of emotional reactivity is evident in youth with internalizing and externalizing problems. We contend that the direction and magnitude of psychobiological convergence may be meaningful for understanding individual differences in the development of psychopathology. We focus on autonomic and self-reported responses, commonly assessed in developmental work, and explore how their alignment may reflect meaningful variation in emotional experience. We propose that understanding the neural basis of this convergence could refine developmental models of emotion and inform early identification of risk. Finally, we outline methodological considerations for studying convergence across emotional systems in youth.