Journal of Transcultural Nursing

This article describes how a focused ethnography adapted Leininger’s Sunrise Model (LSM) as a research enabler. The study sought to understand nursing’s culture and its dynamics with nursing students.

LSM is a framework for conducting research with a cultural group to understand nursing’s roles in providing them care. Similarly, this focused ethnography sought to identify nursing’s culture and gain understanding of its role in providing clinical education.

The adapted LSM was useful to explore the culture of the environment where nursing students’ formation takes place, the nurses’ perceptions of enculturation of nursing students, and that perception’s effects on clinical teaching.

The adapted LSM guided discovery and assessment of cultural data among staff nurses to gain understanding of their influences on nursing students’ formation. Research results will inform academic and clinical partners about staff nurses’ perceptions of enculturation and formation in preparing nursing students for practice.

This study investigated the effects of food insecurity on depression among older adults living in Maryland, United States, focusing on the roles of health literacy and perceived health status.

Data from 211 hypertensive older adults in a community-based hypertension management project were analyzed. A hypothesized path model was tested to examine direct and indirect relationships among the variables.

Of the participants, 12.4% reported food insecurity, and 13.8% had depressive symptoms. Food insecurity demonstrated a strong direct effect on depression and significant indirect effects through health literacy and perceived health status, indicating a double mediating effect.

Food-insecure older adults are more vulnerable to depression, with low health literacy and poor perceived health contributing to this risk. Health literacy acted as a buffer. Transcultural nursing interventions should enhance intrapersonal reserve capacities like health literacy and adapt to cultural and behavioral contexts to boost engagement, reduce stigma, and improve well-being.

Asian Americans are at heightened risk for type 2 diabetes, yet research on cultural and intergenerational dynamics remains limited.

Guided by Family Systems Theory and Leininger’s Transcultural Nursing Theory, this cross-sectional study examined diabetes knowledge and family support in 102 Chinese and Filipino American dyads (parent with diabetes + adult child) in Northern California.

Using the Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire and the Family Supporters National Survey Tool, we found that Filipino parents scored higher in diabetes knowledge than Chinese parents. T-tests revealed significant differences in knowledge scores between Chinese and Filipino parents, t(102) = −2.91, p < .004, d = .45. Four significant predictors emerged: dyadic roles, age, English proficiency, and health status, F(9, 94) = 4.66, p < .001, R² = .31. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a positive correlation between diabetes knowledge and family support among Filipino children but an inverse trend among Chinese children, F(1, 97) = 4.22, p = .043.

Findings suggest the importance of culturally tailored, family-centered diabetes interventions for Asian American communities.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy among Saudi women, yet mammography screening rates remain low despite government-funded initiatives. Socioreligious factors may influence mammography screening behaviors, but their roles remain underexplored. This study examines the direct effect of religiosity on mammography screening and the mediating roles of religious health fatalism (RHF) and modesty.

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 86 Saudi women. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires measuring religiosity, RHF, modesty, and mammography screening behavior. Hierarchical logistic regression and mediation analyses were performed using SPSS and Hayes’s PROCESS macro.

Religiosity positively influenced screening behavior (p = .006). However, RHF (p = .015) and modesty (p = .027) mediated this relationship, reducing screening likelihood. Physician recommendations were the strongest predictor (p < .001).

While religiosity may encourage screening, RHF and modesty create barriers. Culturally sensitive interventions and physician engagement are crucial to improving screening uptake.

The continued enforcement of traditional gender roles continues to oppress Arab women. This coupled with the taboo nature of discussing sexual health may contribute to unmet sexual health needs for Arabic women who have had a mastectomy. The aim of this article is to present qualitative findings of Arab women’s sexual health experiences following mastectomy.

This study was underpinned by social constructivism, feminist perspectives, and storytelling. A sample of 22 Arabic women, 28 to 60 years of age, who had a mastectomy were interviewed with data analyzed thematically.

Arabic women’s self-worth is inextricably linked with being a wife and mother. Participants experienced low self-esteem and feelings of inadequacy after the loss of their breast, which negatively affected their sexual health.

A woman’s journey navigating breast cancer and mastectomy within a patriarchal culture can be detrimental to not only their sexual health but also overall well-being.

The language barrier may cause ineffective communication during nursing care, and its potential consequences are felt in multicultural and multilingual societies due to language diversity. This study explored nurses’ experiences of providing nursing care to monolingual patients at a national referral hospital in Namibia.

This qualitative, explorative, and descriptive research was conducted with conveniently sampled nurses who were then interviewed individually. These nurses worked for over a year and could speak only two or less languages. Data analysis followed Braun and Clarke’s six phases of reflexive thematic analysis.

From interviews with 19 nurses, four main themes were revealed: personal benefits, negative experiences, alternative communication approaches, and strategies to improve nursing care for monolingual patients.

These results have implications for providing culturally congruent care by revealing the importance of recruiting professional interpreters and multilingual nurses, incorporating language courses into undergraduate curricula, and providing in-service training for nurses.

Afghan refugee women face sexual and reproductive health (SRH) challenges shaped by displacement, sociocultural norms, and systemic barriers in host countries. Understanding these challenges is essential for delivering culturally congruent care. To address this disparity, a scoping review was conducted to synthesize global SRH practices and experiences among Afghan refugee women.

A scoping review of literature from 2010 to 2023 was conducted using Medline, Embase, Global Health, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Fourteen peer-reviewed articles met inclusion criteria. No formal quality assessment was performed, in line with guidelines.

Four key themes emerged: violence; contraception and family planning; SRH knowledge and pleasure; and education preferences. Barriers included cultural and religious norms, economic dependence, limited knowledge, and inconsistent access to care. Women favored community-based, culturally sensitive health education.

Findings underscore the need for comprehensive, culturally responsive, community-engaged interventions to promote equity and reproductive autonomy for Afghan refugee women.

Both communication and sexual and reproductive health knowledge play significant roles in family planning decisions. Individuals who face language barriers may struggle to access the education needed to make informed family planning decisions. This review seeks to describe the effects of language barriers on family planning outcomes in the United States.

An integrative review conducted per Whittemore and Knafl using an intersectional feminist framework. Systematic searches in four databases generated 17 studies for review.

Language barriers were associated with lower-frequency and lower-quality family planning counseling. Patients facing language barriers also likely face other oppressive forces like racism, discrimination, poverty, and intimate partner violence that further complicate their experiences.

Language barriers have significant effects on family planning outcomes. By considering language barriers and addressing factors beyond interpreter use and language concordance, nurses can support improved outcomes.

Nurses play a pivotal role in delivering mental health care to migrants, but many lack the knowledge and training needed to effectively meet these populations’ unique needs. This integrative review examined the existing literature on best practices for caring for migrants with mental health challenges.

Comprehensive searches were conducted across four databases as well as gray literature. After all eligible articles had been identified, data extraction and thematic analysis were performed.

A total of 54 articles were examined, revealing four major themes: (a) core frameworks and principles; (b) building trust and fostering therapeutic relationships; (c) communication strategies; and (d) assessment and treatment planning.

The findings of this review may assist health care providers, especially nurses, who are working with migrants with mental health difficulties to overcome stigma, discrimination, and cultural and linguistic barriers, thereby enhancing their health outcomes and overall health.

Exploring the variables and outcomes of maternal-fetal attachment based on an understanding of cultural background is critical for providing a foundation for developing effective interventions. This scoping review aimed to identify the predictors and consequences of maternal-fetal attachment among pregnant women in East Asia.

The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and the framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley. A comprehensive literature search was performed across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO, covering studies published between March 2005 and March 2025.

The scoping review found that the factors that influenced maternal-fetal attachment were divided into five levels based on ecological systems theory. Maternal-fetal attachment was found to have positive outcomes for both mothers and children.

Nursing professionals should offer culturally and systemically informed support to promote maternal-fetal attachment, including tailored care for high-risk group, education program, and health services.

Nursing education in Hong Kong often overlooks LGBTQIA+-inclusive content, leaving nursing students with inadequate clinical competence to address health disparities faced by these populations.

We evaluated a 6-hour, contact-based LGBTQIA+ workshop involving 32 nursing students using LGBT-DOCSS scale at baseline, post-workshop, and 2-month follow-up. Focus-group discussions among 21 participants explored their experiences and perspectives.

The mean LGBT-DOCSS score increased significantly immediately post workshop (mean difference [MD] = 0.74, 95% CI: [0.32, 1.15], p < .001) and was maintained at the 2-month follow-up (MD = 0.78, 95% CI: [0.39, 1.16], p < .001). The results showed significant improvements in participants’ clinical preparedness and knowledge (both p < .05) immediately after the workshop, with gains sustained at 2-month follow-up. Qualitative findings revealed that participants overwhelmingly endorsed the workshop’s structure and valued the storytelling and case scenario discussions.

A community-driven, contact-based workshop effectively enhanced LGBTQIA+ clinical competence among nursing students.

The study was conducted to determine the effect of rebozo massage on birth pain, anxiety, and childbirth experience in the intrapartum period.

A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 62 primiparous women (31 experimental, 31 control) at the Şanlıurfa Training and Research Hospital in Türkiye. The experimental group received rebozo massage during the latent, active, and transitional phases of childbirth, while the control group received routine hospital care.

Pain levels in the experimental group were significantly lower than in the control group in all phases (latent phase F = 78.875, p < .001; active phase F = 71.281, p < .001; transitional phase F = 9.978, p = .002).

These findings indicate that rebozo massage effectively reduces birth pain by promoting pelvic relaxation and rhythmic movement.

The study was registered with Clinical Trials, and the registration number is NCT05583825.

The aim of this study is to determine the cultural awareness and cultural effectiveness levels of nurses who care for patients from different cultures, as well as the correlation between them.

This descriptive cross sectional study was completed with a total of 335 nurses.

As a result of regression analysis done to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between the intercultural awareness and intercultural effectiveness total scores of the participants, significance was determined (p < .001). When the correlation analysis between intercultural effectiveness total score and intercultural awareness total score averages were analyzed, a moderate correlation was found (r = .473; p < .001).

It was determined that the participants’ intercultural effectiveness scores and intercultural awareness scores were affected by different personal variables. It may be recommended to plan and implement intercultural nursing education and training strategies in the future to raise nurses’ intercultural awareness and intercultural effectiveness levels.

Over 30,000 North Koreans have fled to South Korea, facing challenges in adapting to a new society. This study aimed to examine how cultural orientation, PTSD, and resilience influence their social adaptation.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 171 North Korean defectors using validated tools to assess cultural orientation, PTSD symptoms, resilience, and social adaptation.

PTSD was prevalent in 24% of participants and strongly negatively correlated with social adaptation (r = −.61, p < .001). Resilience showed a positive association with adaptation (r = .46, p < .001) and served as a protective factor against PTSD. Horizontal cultural orientation correlated with adaptation but was not a significant predictor. PTSD severity was the strongest predictor of poor adaptation.

These findings underscore the need for long-term, culturally appropriate mental health interventions and resilience-building programs to enhance the social integration of North Korean defectors and inform refugee support policy.

This article describes the development and implementation of a culturally focused simulation about Amish preference for a non-conventional type of burn care.

Artificial intelligence (AI), specifically ChatGPT, was employed to create learning objectives, a clinical scenario involving an Amish man with chest burns, a detailed script, and debriefing tools aligned with INACSL Standards of Best Practice. This simulation was incorporated into course content on cultural competence for undergraduate nursing students.

Through an iterative refinement process, AI helped tailor the simulation content. Nursing students were engaged with cultural beliefs and practices, particularly the use of B&W ointment and burdock leaves in burn treatment.

The simulation promoted culturally sensitive communication and real-time adaptive feedback. While AI expedited content development, all material required expert validation. AI enhanced rather than replaced the instructional design process. Educators seeking to replicate this simulation may benefit from the cultural insights and methodology as described.